Conserved RXLR Effector Genes of Phytophthora infestans Expressed at the Early Stage of Potato Infection Are Suppressive to Host Defense.
Identifieur interne : 000A44 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000A43; suivant : 000A45Conserved RXLR Effector Genes of Phytophthora infestans Expressed at the Early Stage of Potato Infection Are Suppressive to Host Defense.
Auteurs : Junliang Yin [République populaire de Chine] ; Biao Gu [République populaire de Chine] ; Guiyan Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuee Tian [République populaire de Chine] ; Junli Quan [République populaire de Chine] ; Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze [Pérou] ; Weixing Shan [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Frontiers in plant science [ 1664-462X ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Late blight has been the most devastating potato disease worldwide. The causal agent, Phytophthora infestans, is notorious for its capability to rapidly overcome host resistance. Changes in the expression pattern and the encoded protein sequences of effector genes in the pathogen are responsible for the loss of host resistance. Among numerous effector genes, the class of RXLR effector genes is well-known in mediating host genotype-specific resistance. We therefore performed deep sequencing of five genetically diverse P. infestans strains using in planta materials infected with zoospores (12 h post inoculation) and focused on the identification of RXLR effector genes that are conserved in coding sequences, are highly expressed in early stages of plant infection, and have defense suppression activities. In all, 245 RXLR effector genes were expressed in five transcriptomes, with 108 being co-expressed in all five strains, 47 of them comparatively highly expressed. Taking sequence polymorphism into consideration, 18 candidate core RXLR effectors that were conserved in sequence and with higher in planta expression levels were selected for further study. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of the selected effector genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and potato demonstrated their potential virulence function, as shown by suppression of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) or/and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The identified collection of core RXLR effectors will be useful in the search for potential durable late blight resistance genes. Analysis of 10 known Avr RXLR genes revealed that the resistance genes R2, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-vnt1, Rpi-Smira1, and Rpi-Smira2 may be effective in potato cultivars. Analysis of 8 SFI (Suppressor of early Flg22-induced Immune response) RXLR effector genes showed that SFI2, SFI3, and SFI4 were highly expressed in all examined strains, suggesting their potentially important function in early stages of pathogen infection.
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02155
PubMed: 29312401
PubMed Central: PMC5742156
Affiliations:
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wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xianyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Guiyan" sort="Huang, Guiyan" uniqKey="Huang G" first="Guiyan" last="Huang">Guiyan Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xianyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xianyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tian, Yuee" sort="Tian, Yuee" uniqKey="Tian Y" first="Yuee" last="Tian">Yuee Tian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xianyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quan, Junli" sort="Quan, Junli" uniqKey="Quan J" first="Junli" last="Quan">Junli Quan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xianyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xianyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindqvist Kreuze, Hannele" sort="Lindqvist Kreuze, Hannele" uniqKey="Lindqvist Kreuze H" first="Hannele" last="Lindqvist-Kreuze">Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>International Potato Center, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country><wicri:regionArea>International Potato Center, Lima</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shan, Weixing" sort="Shan, Weixing" uniqKey="Shan W" first="Weixing" last="Shan">Weixing Shan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xianyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xianyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in plant science</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-462X</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Late blight has been the most devastating potato disease worldwide. The causal agent, <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, is notorious for its capability to rapidly overcome host resistance. Changes in the expression pattern and the encoded protein sequences of effector genes in the pathogen are responsible for the loss of host resistance. Among numerous effector genes, the class of RXLR effector genes is well-known in mediating host genotype-specific resistance. We therefore performed deep sequencing of five genetically diverse <i>P. infestans</i> strains using <i>in planta</i> materials infected with zoospores (12 h post inoculation) and focused on the identification of RXLR effector genes that are conserved in coding sequences, are highly expressed in early stages of plant infection, and have defense suppression activities. In all, 245 RXLR effector genes were expressed in five transcriptomes, with 108 being co-expressed in all five strains, 47 of them comparatively highly expressed. Taking sequence polymorphism into consideration, 18 candidate core RXLR effectors that were conserved in sequence and with higher <i>in planta</i> expression levels were selected for further study. <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transient expression of the selected effector genes in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and potato demonstrated their potential virulence function, as shown by suppression of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) or/and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The identified collection of core RXLR effectors will be useful in the search for potential durable late blight resistance genes. Analysis of 10 known <i>Avr</i> RXLR genes revealed that the resistance genes <i>R2</i>, <i>Rpi</i>-<i>blb2</i>, <i>Rpi</i>-<i>vnt1</i>, <i>Rpi</i>-<i>Smira1</i>, and <i>Rpi</i>-<i>Smira2</i> may be effective in potato cultivars. Analysis of 8 <i>SFI</i> (Suppressor of early Flg22-induced Immune response) RXLR effector genes showed that <i>SFI2, SFI3</i>, and <i>SFI4</i> were highly expressed in all examined strains, suggesting their potentially important function in early stages of pathogen infection.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29312401</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-462X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>8</Volume><PubDate><Year>2017</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in plant science</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Plant Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Conserved RXLR Effector Genes of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> Expressed at the Early Stage of Potato Infection Are Suppressive to Host Defense.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>2155</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fpls.2017.02155</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Late blight has been the most devastating potato disease worldwide. The causal agent, <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>, is notorious for its capability to rapidly overcome host resistance. Changes in the expression pattern and the encoded protein sequences of effector genes in the pathogen are responsible for the loss of host resistance. Among numerous effector genes, the class of RXLR effector genes is well-known in mediating host genotype-specific resistance. We therefore performed deep sequencing of five genetically diverse <i>P. infestans</i> strains using <i>in planta</i> materials infected with zoospores (12 h post inoculation) and focused on the identification of RXLR effector genes that are conserved in coding sequences, are highly expressed in early stages of plant infection, and have defense suppression activities. In all, 245 RXLR effector genes were expressed in five transcriptomes, with 108 being co-expressed in all five strains, 47 of them comparatively highly expressed. Taking sequence polymorphism into consideration, 18 candidate core RXLR effectors that were conserved in sequence and with higher <i>in planta</i> expression levels were selected for further study. <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transient expression of the selected effector genes in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and potato demonstrated their potential virulence function, as shown by suppression of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) or/and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The identified collection of core RXLR effectors will be useful in the search for potential durable late blight resistance genes. Analysis of 10 known <i>Avr</i> RXLR genes revealed that the resistance genes <i>R2</i>, <i>Rpi</i>-<i>blb2</i>, <i>Rpi</i>-<i>vnt1</i>, <i>Rpi</i>-<i>Smira1</i>, and <i>Rpi</i>-<i>Smira2</i> may be effective in potato cultivars. Analysis of 8 <i>SFI</i> (Suppressor of early Flg22-induced Immune response) RXLR effector genes showed that <i>SFI2, SFI3</i>, and <i>SFI4</i> were highly expressed in all examined strains, suggesting their potentially important function in early stages of pathogen infection.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yin</LastName><ForeName>Junliang</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gu</LastName><ForeName>Biao</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Guiyan</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tian</LastName><ForeName>Yuee</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quan</LastName><ForeName>Junli</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lindqvist-Kreuze</LastName><ForeName>Hannele</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>International Potato Center, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shan</LastName><ForeName>Weixing</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>19</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Plant Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101568200</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-462X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora infestans</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">RXLR effectors</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">durable resistance</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">potato late blight</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">resistance breeding</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">sequence polymorphism</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2017</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2018</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2018</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29312401</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3389/fpls.2017.02155</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5742156</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Plant Cell. 2009 Sep;21(9):2928-47</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19794118</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Plant Pathol. 2016 Jan;17 (1):29-41</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25845484</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2008 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first="Yuee" last="Tian">Yuee Tian</name><name sortKey="Yin, Junliang" sort="Yin, Junliang" uniqKey="Yin J" first="Junliang" last="Yin">Junliang Yin</name></country><country name="Pérou"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lindqvist Kreuze, Hannele" sort="Lindqvist Kreuze, Hannele" uniqKey="Lindqvist Kreuze H" first="Hannele" last="Lindqvist-Kreuze">Hannele Lindqvist-Kreuze</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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